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The Poisson regression model is a simple count data model that combines regression models in which the response variable is in the form of counts rather than fractional numbers in generalized linear models (GLMs). Three models (Poisson regression, quasi-Poisson regression, and negative binomial regression) were compared in r packages and applied to a sample of COVID-19 data in this study. The Poisson regression model was shown to be the best and most efficient of the other models. © 2023 Author(s).
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Introduction: Due to the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the humoral immune system, gastrointestinal, and metabolic activities, malnutrition in COVID-19 is inevitable. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, identify COVID-19 patients at risk of malnutrition, and determine the nutritional risk profile of COVID-19 patients and the need for ongoing nutritional support after ICU stay. Method(s): A monocentric observational study based on data collected from 200 COVID-19 patients at hospital discharge in Dubai, UAE. Male and female residents and citizens (>= 18 years) who tested positive for COVID-19 upon ICU admission and who were ready for discharge were included. The 'MUST' malnutrition screening was performed to identify patients at high risk of malnutrition who required ONS and other treatments. Result(s): The present study included two hundred patients where male participants constituted 68% compared to females (32%). The included population was neither acutely ill nor had nutritional intake for more than 5 days. 45% of COVID-19 patients experienced a reduced dietary intake at hospital, and 58% lost weight during ICU/hospital stays. About 25% received enteral nutrition in the ICU, whereas (2%) required ongoing homecare nutritional support after hospital discharge. Almost 80% were advised to follow up with a dietitian and 96% were provided additional dietary counseling. Regarding the COVID-19 patients' post-ICU stay nutritional support, the adjusted odds ratio of follow-up consultation with dietitian significantly decreased by 66% among patients aged from 18 to 49 years, compared to older patients (ORa = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.86, p = 0.032). Conclusion(s): Close assessment, evaluation, and monitoring of malnutrition are critical in severely ill COVID-19 patients post-ICU. ONS is highly recommended for high-risk patients to provide support against muscle loss during ICU stay and improve the recovery of the patients at discharge.
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The Philippines, which has experienced community quarantine from March 2020 to the present, is one country that has imposed quarantine protocols. Although the Philippine government imposes penalties on those who do not follow the quarantine protocols, the success of quarantine depends on the individual’s adherence to quarantine protocols. This study examined if media affected adherence to COVID-19 protocols. 334 residents from lloilo, Philippines were surveyed. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework, the results showed a positive relationship between (1) attitude and quarantine adherence, (2) controllability and quarantine adherence, and (3) media and quarantine adherence. This implies that a favorable attitude can result to quarantine adherence. Residents who believe that they have the capability to follow quarantine protocols will follow it. Media positively affects quarantine adherence. Further, media mediated the relationships between attitude and quarantine adherence, self-efficacy and quarantine adherence, and controllability and quarantine adherence. As a mediating variable, media can strengthen the quarantine adherence by favorably influencing attitudes, self-efficacy, and controllability. The relationship between subjective norm and quarantine adherence was not significant. This implies that individuals comply with quarantine protocols on their own volition. © 2022 by De La Salle University.